Cane-like
Having upright slender stems that may be jointed and with smooth bark.
Clumping
A plant that when multiplies forms a clump.This clustered palm has slender green trunks to 50 mm (2 in) wide and is topped with a small yellowish-brown crown-shaft. It has bright green divided arching fronds and the small cup-shaped flowers appear in a cluster below the fronds during summer.
Pinanga coronata (Bl. ex Mart.) is naturally found from Sumatra to Java and Sulawesi in Indonesia growing as an understorey plant in low montane rainforests from sea level to an altitude of 1000 m (3,280 ft). It prefers an organic rich moist, fertile sandy to loamy soil that is tending acidic with a pH range from 6.0 to 7.5. It grows in a semi shaded protected, humid position and will tolerate sub-tropical or warm temperate climates with ample moisture. It requires frost and drought protection that tolerates saline soils and wind.
The Ivory Cane Palm is grown for its clumping habit and its attractive foliage. It is planted as understorey filler in tropical gardens or along water courses and in humid shady borders. It is also grown as a potted specimen plant or used in shaded gullies. It is suitable for coastal regions and establishes in 2 to 3 years and in cold regions it is grown in a sunny conservatory or as a glasshouse specimen. Once established it has a high water requirement (Scale: 3-drops from 3), responding to mulch and reliable soil moisture for optimum growth, but dislikes dry conditions.
I.D. 790
UK hardiness zone H1a
Climate zones 21 - 24
USDA Zone 10-12
Pinanga (pin-AN-ga) coronata (ko-RON-ata)
Etymology
Genus: Latin – Pinanga – the vernacular name that is used in Malaysia to describe the plant
Species: Latin - coronata– ‘coronatus’ meaning (crowded) referring to the dense growth habit
Arecaceae (ar-ek-AY-see-ee)
(Palmae)
Palm Family
This family consists predominantly of tropical monocotyledons that form climbing and tree like habits with divided pinnate leaves and axillary inflorescence that produce ample indehiscent fruit.
Distribution
These plants are mainly distributed in tropical and warm temperate areas of the world from Central and South America to the Malay Peninsula and Africa in environments with poor drainage or permanent water such as mangrove swamps and low land rainforest. A small number of species are found in temperate regions.
Diagnostic Features
Palms are long lived and form solitary or multiple trunks that are rarely branched and can form a clump of, rarely with underground stems. They have a single apical bud and if it is killed by frost or mechanical damage the stem dies.
The leaves (fronds) of adult plants appear in regular numbers per stem at the apex with their tubular leaf bases clasping around the stem. These forms a pseudo-stem (crown-shaft) as in Arecoid palms or the dead leaf bases form a parchment-like weaved mat and may split below the petiole. The distinctive petiole is armed or unarmed with spines or teeth and leaf scars or leaf bases may be persistent on the trunk. They vary in size from 150 mm (6 in) to 25 m (82 ft) in length.
The leaf blade is plicate from bud and is normally simple and adult fronds are palmately, pinnate and occasionally bipinnate with pinnate ribs. Caryota spp. is palmately lobed simple with ribs and appears compound with the petiole acting as the rachis (Costapalmate). All have ligula terminating the petiole and have leaflets that fold upwards then down wards to the petiole or rachis and have one to several parallel nerved veins joined by transverse veinlets.
The inflorescence is simple or branched into a huge panicle and normally arises from the leaf bases and forms with a protective overlapping woody bracts that remains until the flowers developed.
The numerous small flowers occur individually or 2 - 3 together in a cluster and are monoecious or dioecious with the perianth segments in 2 whorls. The female flowers are generally 3 merious with 3 somewhat imbricate sepals and petals and have 3 stamens. Male flowers sometimes have 4 petals and sepals. The flowers of pollinated by wind, ants, bees, beetles and flies.
There are three or more stamens and sometimes are adnate to the perianth or have the filaments joined into a tube or disk.
The gynoecium normally three-carpelled and may be fused or unfused. The ovary is superior with 3 carpels that have a single ovule and in many species only one ovule per flower that matures into one seed. The styles are rarely elongated and normally the arrangement is a three lobed fleshy stigma that is sessile on the ovary.
The fruit normally contains a single seed and it is a drupe or berry with a woody or fibrous surface that is smooth, prickly or hairy mesocarp is fleshy or dry and rarely produced 2 - 10 seeds.
The indehiscent seeds are commonly brightly coloured and have endosperm that is oily or fatty and a hard coated.
Note:
The palms have many uses from making spears to the fruit and leaf bases being eaten. There are of great horticulture importance and are used in many gardens.
This plant tolerates between USDA zones 10a to 12a and grows to 7 m (22 ft)
Fahrenheit 30º to 55º F
These temperatures represent the lowest average.
Celsius -1.1º to 12.7º C
Attention
This plant was last revised on the1/2/2017
All photographs and data are covered by copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, reference or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any means with out written permission. All inquiries should be addressed to www.plantfile.com attention Peter Kirkland.
Compound
The leaf that is divided into separate units (leaflets).
Pinnate
A compound leaf that ends in a single or double leaves.
Alternate
Leaves are arranged alternately along the stem.
Entire
A leaf margin with no irregularities (smooth).The arching pinnate fronds of up to 1.3 m (5 ft) long and have broad-lanceolate segments (pinnae) that are acuminate or truncate with prominent ribbed veins. The 300 mm (1 ft) long petiole has a tubular sheath that forms a yellowish- brown crown-shaft that is up to 300 mm (1 ft) long.
Cyathiform
A cup like shape.
Cluster or Fascicle
A general term describing flowers that are arranged in closely packed bunches.| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
| Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
The pendant branched inflorescence is up to 300 mm (1 ft) long and has a single bract. It appears below the leaves and the small cyathiform flowers are arranged in vertical rows on the slender rachillae in threes, 2 male and 1 female. They appear during summer on the same plant (monoecious).
Note:
The asymmetrical male flowers have 3 seperate sepals and 3 valvate acute petals and contain many stamens with erect filaments, pistillode is normally absent. The female flowers have 3 imbricate or united sepals and 3 imbricate petals that are valvate at the apex and contain a 1 celled pistil with 1 ovule, staminodes are absent.
Drupe
A succulent fruit composed of an outer fleshy layer "The Ivory Cane Palm is grown for its clumping habit and its attractive foliage. It is planted as understorey filler in tropical gardens or along water courses and in humid shady borders. it is also grown as a potted specimen plant or used in shaded gullies. It is suitable for coastal regions and establishes in 2 to 3 years and in cold regions it is grown in a sunny conservatory or as a glasshouse specimen. Once established it has a high water requirement (Scale: 3-drops from 3), responding to mulch and reliable moisture.
Note:
This plant is not commonly cultivated outside its native region and may be difficult to obtain requiring a specialist nursery.
Collect and sow seed when ripe, keep moist, maintaining a temperature of 19º to 27º C (66º to 81º F) Germination normally takes up to 30 days and the viability period is short. Do not allow the seeds to dry out before sowing as this inhibits germination. Divide established clumps during early spring.
Palm Seed (General)
Palm seed should be sown as soon as possible after collection as the viability period is short, ripe mature fruit is essential. Do not allow the seed to dry out and if placed in a container of water any seed that floats should be discarded. After selecting seeds dust with a fungicide, as they are prone to fungal attack.
A soil mix composed of half peat moss and half perlite is a reliable media and then placed the containers over bottom heat of 28º C (80º F) and don't allow it dry out. It may take up to 1 or 2 years for germination of some species this may be accelerated by scarification or soaking the seeds in gibberellic at 1000 ppm for two days.
Propagation by Seed (General)
Germination
In order for a seed to germinate it must fulfil three conditions.
1. The embryo must be alive (a viable seed).
2. The seed must have no dormancy-inducing physiological, physical or chemical barrier to germination; also the seed must be nondormant.
3. The seed must have the appropriate environmental requirements, water, temperature and oxygen.
The interaction between these requirements and dormancy is complex and may lead to different environmental requirements that avoid the dormancy of a seed.
Sowing Seeds in Containers
There are two general methods for germinating seeds.
Seeds in a flat or germinating bed, through which seedlings are pricked-out then, transplanted into another flat with wider spacing or directly to an individual pot.
2. Sowing seeds by placing them in to flats with the appropriate spacing or into individual pots.
This method is normally carried out with medium to large seeds such as woody plants and plants that are difficult to transplant.
Seedling production normally occurs in a greenhouse / glasshouse, cold frames and on hot beds.
Method of Seed Sowing
Fine seed is sown in pots or flats that are no deeper than 70 to 80 mm. using a sterilised well-drained media (soil). Fill the container to 20 mm from the top and sprinkle sieved peat to 3 mm depth.
Press the media down level and firm with a piece of timber and then thoroughly moisten.
Mix the fine seed with washed sand and then sow thinly on the surface. These may be lightly covered with sand.
Larger seeds may be covered with media or a hole is dibbled and the seed is placed in the media.
Watering Methods
For watering you may either mist the containers from above or place the container in tepid water and allow the water to raise through the pot to the surface of the media, then drain away and do not fill to the top of the container.
Place a piece of glass over the pot and store in a protected warm environment (glasshouse).
Seeds germinate best in darkness so shade the containers if in direct sunlight.
After the seedlings have sprouted remove the glass and ease the seedlings into direct light.
When the seedlings are large enough prick them out and transplant into larger containers then place them in a shade house to harden off.
Many seeds have different methods of seed preparation for germination such as nicking or cutting the seed coat to allow water penetration, also placing seeds in hot water and allowing it to cool off.
This is particularly important as it is softening the seed coat.
Crown Division (general)
The crown is the part of the plant at the surface of the soil where new shoots arise. With lateral shoots the crown of some plants requires division when they become crowded.
Herbaceous perennials and multi-branched woody shrubs may develop large crowns that need dividing.
It is a simple method of propagation that is used by amateurs and professionals for a small increase in plants.
Plants that flower during spring to summer are divided during autumn and if flowering in summer to autumn they are divided in spring. The crown is dug up then cut with a knife in to sections, which has a shoot and abundant roots then planted or potted up. The crown may also be divided in some species by using a shovel to cut and dig sections out.
PEST
NAME
No pest information
Unlisted
ORDER
FAMILY
There are currently no pests listed for this plant. We are researching this plant and please advise PlantFile if you have any additional information.
DISEASE
NAME
No disease information
Unlisted
There are currently no diseases listed for this plant. We are researching this plant and please advise PlantFile if you have any additional information.
Average Lowest Temperature : 15º C 59º F
USDA : 10, 11, 12
This USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) hardiness zone chart can be used to indicate a plant’s ability to withstand average minimum temperatures. However, other factors such as soil type, pH, and moisture, drainage, humidity and exposure to sun and wind will also have a direct effect on your plant’s survival. Use this chart only as a guide, always keep the other factors in mind when deciding where, when and what to plant.
A plant's individual USDA zone can be found in the Plant Overview.
Climate Description
Tropical
This zone may be affected by the monsoon or have high rainfall periods. Summer temperatures and humid with mild winters.
Frosts and droughts rarely occur. High winds are accompanied with rain.
Plant growth
Tropical native and exotic plants grow well.
| Dictionary | Growth Habit |
| Leaf Type | Botanic Flower Description |
| Leaf Shape | Flower Inflorescence |
| Leaf Arrangement | Fruit Type |
| Leaf Margin | Bark Type |
| Leaf Apex And Bases | Flower Description |
