Woody
Stems and branches with a woody texture commonly associated with shrubs or perennials.
Climbing-twining
A plant that climbs using tendrils or twines around a structure.This perennial twiner has purplish woody stem that requires support or it may form a low shrubby habit. It has leathery glossy green oblong leaves and the golden yellow trumpet-shape flowers appear in a cluster throughout summer.
Allamanda cathartica is naturally found in Brazil, tropical South America growing along forest margins or on water course embankments from sea level to an altitude of 700 m (2,296 ft). It prefers a well drained fertile moist organic rich sandy to clay loam with a pH range from 5.0 to 6.5. It grows in an open sunny position and is frost and drought tender.
The Golden Trumpet Vine is grown for its large flowers and dense foliage. It is grown over a pergola for shade or along fences for screening and used for colour in tropical gardens. It is also grown as a prostrate shrub and can be trimmed to form an informal hedge. It establishes in 2 to 3 years and is suitable for coastal regions requiring little care. Once established it has a medium water requirement, (Scale: 2-drops from 3) preferring to have reliable moist organic rich soil for optimum growth.
I.D. 309
UK hardiness zone H1c
Climate zones 23, 24, H1, H2
Allamanda (al-a-MAN-da) cathartica (ka-THAR-ti-ka)
Etymology
Genus:- - Allamanda - from a name one of the species bears in the gardens of Japan
Species:- Latin - cathartica – purging
Cultivars
'Cherry Ripe'
This plant produces variable cherry coloured flowers from spring to summer and is used in a container or trained over a trellis.
'Hendersonii'
This plant has large flowers that are yellow- orange with whitish spots in the throat.
'Schottii'
The large flowers are deep yellow with dark orange stripes in the throat.
'Williamsii'
This climber produces bright yellow flowers with a slightly darker throat that are arranged in clusters during autumn. It prefers a frost free semi shaded to full sun position and tolerates most well drained soils.
'Winter Velvet'
This climber produces red velvet-like flowers with a slightly darker throat that are arranged in clusters from winter to summer. It prefers a frost free sunny position in a sub-tropical to tropical region and tolerates most well drained moist soils.
Apocynaceae (a-pos-ih-NAY-see-ee)
The plants in this family are well known in domestic gardens (Frangipani, Oleander) and many come from the tropics.
Distribution
These plants come from tropical and limited in warm temperate regions of the world.
Diagnostic Features
These plants may be herbs, climbers, shrubs or trees.
The leaves are simple and arranged opposite, sometimes alternate or whorled.
The sap is normally milky-latex type.
The regularly symmetrical flowers occur in cymes and are bisexual. They are fragrant and have five sepals that are fused onto a tube, five petals that are fused into a tube towards the base and are funnelform to salverform shape. There are 5 stamens that are inserted in the corolla tube and have anthers on top that are united to the style.
The half inferior to superior ovary has one to two chambers that have two or more ovules.
The fleshy fruit is capsular or a follicle when paired.
The flat seed are normally hairy with a straight embryo that may have an endosperm.
Note:
Australian aborigines eat the fruit of Carissa spp and used the wood for spear making. Some species are used for herbal medicines and the latex has some commercial importance.
This plant tolerates between USDA zones 11a to 12a and grows to 3.5 m (15 ft)
Fahrenheit -40º to 55º F
These temperatures represent the lowest average.
Celsius 1.7º to 12.7º C
Attention
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Simple
The leaf that is not divided.
Obovate
A leaf that is broadest at the apex tapering towards the base.
Whorled
Leaves radiate from a common part of the stem.
Entire
A leaf margin with no irregularities (smooth).
Funnelform
A flower where the petals form a funnel shape.
Cyme
Flowers that are both solitary and branching into solitary.| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
| Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
The large funnelform flowers have 5 expending golden yellow lobes up to 150 mm (6 in) wide and the throat is marked with reddish strips. There are 3 or more flowers arranged in axillary or terminal cyme that appears profusely over the plant from early summer to autumn.
Capsule
A dried dehiscent fruit, with an enclosing membrane normally containing may seeds."The Golden Trumpet Vine is grown for its large flowers and dense foliage. It is grown over a pergola for shade or along fences for screening and used for colour in tropical gardens. It is also grown as a prostrate shrub and can be trimmed to form an informal hedge. It establishes in 2 to 3 years and is suitable for coastal regions requiring little care.
Take nodal cuttings during late spring and semi hard wood from summer to autumn and place in a deep well drained soil with added cow manure.
Asexual Propagation (Cuttings general)
Propagation from cuttings is possible because every cell of a plant containers the genetic information to create an entire plant.
1. Reproduction occurs through the formation of adventitious roots and shoots.
2. The uniting of vegetative parts with budding and grafting.
3. Taking stem cuttings and layering is possible due to the development of adventitious roots
4. Root cuttings can form new shoots then it is possible to join roots and shoots to form a new plant.
5. A new plant may be formed from a single cell in an aseptic culture system, (cloning).
It is important to propagate vegetatively as this form of cloning retains the unique characteristics of the cultivars or where particular aspects of a plant may be lost if propagated by seed.
Equipment Required for Taking Cuttings
1. A sharp knife that is not too large or a razor mounted in a handle.
2. Good pair of sharp secateurs that is clean.
3. A dibbler to make a hole in the media and allow the cutting to be placed in.
4. Propagation structures that are either a timber frame with glass or polyethylene cover or a glasshouse.
The object of the structure is to create an environment where the temperature and humidity can be controlled. This can be achieved with a simple cover over a pot with a wire frame and plastic.
This stops the draughts and maintains humidity.
5. A hotbed is a useful item as many plants root more quickly if the media is slightly warmer.
Bottom heat is obtained from thermostatically controlled heating cables that are running under the media.
6. Misting systems are of great benefit to cuttings as the regulated fogging with water inhibits the cuttings from drying out and as a result the cuttings may be grown in full sun.
This results in faster root development that is less subject to diseases by fungi and bacteria.
7. Rooting mediums
The rooting medium must be well drained, sand may be used as long as it is thoroughly washed and leached of all salts. It is very well drained and it is excellent for cutting that root up quickly. Equal parts of sand and peat moss have good results for cuttings, which are left for a period of time to allow the roots to form.
Vermiculite and perlite are also used as a well-drained rooting media but has the same disadvantage as sand having no nutrients. The cuttings must be potted up as soon as the roots developed, or a light application of liquid fertiliser can be applied.
Types of Cuttings
Stem cuttings
These are the main types of cuttings.
1. Softwood cuttings
These cuttings are taken from young growth on side shoots and tip growth.
2. Semi hardwood cuttings
These cuttings are taken from wood that is firmer and semi ripe usually during mid summer.
3. Hardwood cuttings
These cuttings are taken from mature wood normally towards the end of the season.
4. Root cuttings
Cut sections of roots to obtain new plants during late winter to early spring.
5. Leaf cuttings
Cut the leaf blade in order to obtain new plants during the growing period of the plant.
Cutting preparation
Hardwood cuttings
When taking hardwood cuttings remove the leaves and in semi hardwood reduce the number of leaves by half. Cut the wood straight across just below a node or joint. Hardwood cuttings are normally between 100 to 760 mm long and may have either a heel of the older wood attached to the base, or a short section of the older wood at the base. These cuttings are prepared during the dormant season from late autumn to early spring and are made up from previous season's growth.
This type of cutting is used for woody deciduous plants such as Crepe Myrtle, Rose rootstocks and some fruit trees.
The cuttings should be healthy wood with ample supply of stored food as to nourish developing roots, shoots and placed in the rooting media with the aid of a dibbler stick.
Softwood cuttings
The cuttings for softwood should be 60 to 130 mm long and be of material with enough substance as to not deteriorate before the new roots appear. Cut below a node and retain the leaves on the upper portion. Place in a well-drained media and maintain a high humidity.
Soaking the cuttings and leaving them standing in water for long periods is undesirable.
Herbaceous cuttings
These cuttings are taken from succulent plants such as Geraniums and Coleus. The cutting should be 70 to 130 mm long with leaves retained on the upper end. As in softwood cuttings these require an environment of high humidity. Some fleshy cuttings ooze sap and may require a drying period for a few hours before being placed in the rooting media.
Leaf cutting
In these cuttings a leaf blade and petiole or part off is used to raise a new plant. The original leaf doses not become a part of the new plant as roots and shoots appear from the base of the leaf. In some cases roots appear from the severed veins.
Leaf-Bud cuttings
These cuttings incorporate a leaf, petiole and a small piece of the stem. These cuttings are an advantage where the plant uses the axillary bud at the base of the petiole for new shoot growth and maximises available propagation material, as each node will produce a new plant.
As in softwood cuttings these require an environment with high humidity and warmth.
Root cuttings
These cuttings are best taken from younger plants during late winter to early spring prior the new season's growth unless the dormant period is during summer.
Trim the roots as they are dug up, to maintain polarity cut strength at the crown end and a slanted cut at the distal end (away from the crown).
Root cuttings of small plants are placed in flats in lengths of 20 to 50 mm (2 in) and laying horizontally on the surface of the soil. These may be lightly covered with sieved sand or media, watered and then placing a piece of glass or polyethylene over the container till roots / shoots appear.
Fleshy root cuttings
These cuttings should be 50 to 75 mm (3 in) long and placed vertically in a well-drained sand media.
Keep the polarity correct and when the roots develop transplant the cuttings into a separate container.
Large root cuttings
These cuttings are 50 to 150 mm (2 in) long are tied up in bundles and placed in boxes of damp sand, sawdust or peat for about three weeks at a temperature of 4. 5 deg C When taken out they should be planted in a prepared bed 50 to 80 mm ((3 1/8 in) apart with the tops of the cuttings level with or just below the soil level.
Average Lowest Temperature : 15º C 59º F
USDA : 11, 12
This USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) hardiness zone chart can be used to indicate a plant’s ability to withstand average minimum temperatures. However, other factors such as soil type, pH, and moisture, drainage, humidity and exposure to sun and wind will also have a direct effect on your plant’s survival. Use this chart only as a guide, always keep the other factors in mind when deciding where, when and what to plant.
A plant's individual USDA zone can be found in the Plant Overview.
Climate Description
Tropical
This zone may be affected by the monsoon or have high rainfall periods. Summer temperatures and humid with mild winters.
Frosts and droughts rarely occur. High winds are accompanied with rain.
Plant growth
Tropical native and exotic plants grow well.
| Dictionary | Growth Habit |
| Leaf Type | Botanic Flower Description |
| Leaf Shape | Flower Inflorescence |
| Leaf Arrangement | Fruit Type |
| Leaf Margin | Bark Type |
| Leaf Apex And Bases | Flower Description |
